近日，美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学帕克分校Chang, Cui-Zu团队研究了铜对密度调制态的莫尔工程。相关论文于2026年4月1日发表在《自然》杂志上。

库珀对密度调制（CPDM）态是一种超导相，其序参量在实空间中周期性变化而不破坏平移对称性。层状材料中的莫尔超晶格最近已成为具有可调晶格对称性的电荷密度调控的强大平台，为创建和控制CPDM态提供了新途径。

研究组在由拓扑绝缘体Sb2Te3的一个五元层（1QL）外延堆叠在反铁磁FeTe的六个单胞层（6UC）上所形成的双层异质结构中，展示了莫尔诱导的CPDM态。扫描隧道显微镜和谱学（STM/S）测量揭示了Sb2Te3的六方碲晶格与FeTe的四方碲晶格之间形成的莫尔超晶格，该超晶格在空间上调制了1QL Sb2Te3/6UC FeTe双层结构中的两个超导能隙。

该约瑟夫森STM/S测量提供了CPDM态的直接实空间成像，其波长与莫尔超晶格的周期相对应。通过用Bi2Te3替代Sb2Te3，研究组实现了对CPDM态周期和幅度的调控。该工作展示了一种利用不同晶体对称性材料合成莫尔超晶格的外延策略，并揭示了在设计双层异质结构中调控CPDM态的新机制。

附：英文原文

Title: Moiré engineering of Cooper-pair density modulation states

Author: Wang, Zihao, Xia, Bing, Paolini, Stephen, Yan, Zi-Jie, Xiao, Pu, Song, Jiatao, Gowda, Veer, Rong, Hongtao, Xiao, Di, Xu, Xiaodong, Wu, Weida, Wang, Ziqiang, Chang, Cui-Zu

Issue&Volume: 2026-04-01

Abstract: Cooper-pair density modulation (CPDM) states are superconducting phases in which the order parameter varies periodically in real space without breaking translational symmetry1,2,3. Moiré superlattices in layered materials4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18 have recently emerged as powerful platforms for engineering charge density with tunable lattice symmetry, offering a new route to creating and controlling CPDM states. Here we demonstrate moiré-induced CPDM states in a bilayer heterostructure formed by epitaxially stacking one quintuple layer (1QL) of topological insulator Sb2Te3 on a six-unit-cell (6UC) antiferromagnetic FeTe layer. Scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/S) measurements reveal a moiré superlattice formed between the hexagonal tellurium lattice of Sb2Te3 and the square tellurium lattice of FeTe, which spatially modulates the two superconducting gaps of the 1QL Sb2Te3/6UC FeTe bilayer. Our Josephson STM/S measurements provide direct real-space imaging of the CPDM states with a wavelength corresponding to the periodicity of the moiré superlattice. By substituting Sb2Te3 with Bi2Te3, we achieve control over both the periodicity and magnitude of the CPDM states. Our work demonstrates an epitaxial strategy for synthesizing moiré superlattices from materials with different crystal symmetries and reveals a new mechanism for engineering CPDM states in designer bilayer heterostructures.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10325-w

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10325-w