近日，西班牙理论物理研究所Giulio Barni团队研究了超加热一阶相变。2026年3月19日出版的《高能物理杂志》发表了这项成果。

研究组分析了系统温度升高时发生的一级相变，并确定了导致“超加热”（即系统温度可无限升高的相）的条件。具有超加热特性的一级相变表现为逆相变的行为。研究组通过研究一个典型模型——有限温度下包含大量相互作用轻玻色子的暗区——来量化上述论断。根据热化条件的不同，宇宙学中的超加热相变通常会伴随着系统最终冷却时的另一次相变，从而丰富了气泡碰撞产生的引力波频谱。

附：英文原文

Title: Super-heated first order phase transitions

Author: Barni, Giulio, Tesi, Andrea

Issue&Volume: 2026-03-19

Abstract: We study first order phase transitions that occur when the temperature of the system increases and we identify the conditions that lead to super-heating, a phase where the system can heat up arbitrarily. First order phase transitions with super-heating behave as inverse transitions. We quantify these claims by studying a prototypical example of a dark sector with a large number of interacting light bosons at finite temperature. Depending upon thermalisation, a super-heated phase transition in cosmology is often associated with another transition when the system is eventually cooling down, enriching the spectrum of gravitational waves from bubble collisions.

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP03(2026)188

Source: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/JHEP03(2026)188