近日，德国汉堡大学C. Weitenberg团队报道了量子气体的相位显微镜。这一研究成果于2026年7月9日发表在《科学》杂志上。

相干性质是量子系统的核心，也是超导等现象的基础。

研究组分析了二维光晶格中超冷玻色气体跨越热相变过程的相干性质。为了推断相位相干性和相位涨落分布，他们利用了高阶Talbot回复的直接物质波成像，并引入了一种相位显微镜，该显微镜基于物质波成像过程中将相位涨落映射到位点分辨的密度涨落。研究组观测到超流相中相位关联的代数衰减以及指数随温度的线性增加。这些技术有望在全空间分辨率下研究强关联量子系统中的相干性质。

附：英文原文

Title: A phase microscope for quantum gases

Author: J. C. Brüggenjürgen, M. S. Fischer, C. Weitenberg

Issue&Volume: 2026-07-09

Abstract: Coherence properties are central to quantum systems and are at the heart of phenomena such as superconductivity. In this work, we studied coherence properties of an ultracold Bose gas in a two-dimensional optical lattice across the thermal phase transition. To infer the phase coherence and phase fluctuation profiles, we used direct matter-wave imaging of higher Talbot revivals and introduced a phase microscope based on a site-resolved mapping of phase fluctuations to density fluctuations during matter-wave imaging. We observed the algebraic decay of the phase correlations in the superfluid phase and a linear temperature increase of the exponent. These techniques may enable studying coherence properties in strongly correlated quantum systems with full spatial resolution.

DOI: adt1712

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt1712

期刊信息

Science：《科学》，创刊于1880年。隶属于美国科学促进会，最新IF：63.714

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