近日，西班牙安达卢西亚天体物理研究所Raúl Carballo-Rubio团队研究了量子真空涨落在球形质量引力场上的印记。2026年2月11日出版的《高能物理杂志》发表了这项成果。

施瓦西几何描述了经典真空中球对称质量的引力场，是爱因斯坦场方程最著名的真空解之一。经典真空是一种理想化模型，并未纳入量子场的量子真空涨落，而确定球对称质量在量子真空中的引力场形式，是理解引力与量子场论相互作用的重要一步。

研究组在量子真空能量密度为负且在基灵视界无界的宽泛假设下，系统阐述并证明了关于由量子真空涨落源出的静态、球对称、渐近平直时空空间的一般性定理。特别地，研究组揭示了基灵视界被虫洞喉普遍取代的机制，并论证了文献中采用不同量子应力-能量张量正则化真空期望值方案所得计算结果，均可归为该研究一般性定理的特例。

附：英文原文

Title: Imprints of quantum vacuum fluctuations on the gravitational field of a spherical mass

Author: Carballo-Rubio, Ral, Di Filippo, Francesco, Mukohyama, Shinji, Okabayashi, Kazumasa

Issue&Volume: 2026-02-11

Abstract: The Schwarzschild geometry, describing the gravitational field of a spherical mass in classical vacuum, is one of the most famous vacuum solutions of the Einstein field equations. Classical vacuum is an idealization that does not include quantum vacuum fluctuations of quantum fields, and determining the form of the gravitational field of a spherical mass in quantum vacuum is an important step towards understanding the interplay between gravity and quantum field theory. We formulate and prove general results on the space of static, spherically symmetric and asymptotically flat spacetimes sourced by quantum vacuum fluctuations, obtained under the broad assumptions that the quantum vacuum energy density is negative and unbounded on Killing horizons. In particular, we show the generic replacement of Killing horizons by wormhole throats. We discuss how previous calculations in the literature that have used different prescriptions for the regularized vacuum expectation value of the quantum stress-energy tensor are particular cases of our general results.

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP02(2026)129

Source: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/JHEP02(2026)129