淬火无序对二维电子维格纳固体的影响可视化
近日，美国加州大学伯克利分校Michael F. Crommie团队报道了淬火无序对二维电子维格纳固体的影响可视化。2026年6月17日，《自然》杂志发表了这一成果。
电子维格纳固体（WS）为理解电子-电子相互作用与电子-无序相互作用之间的竞争效应提供了理想体系，这是凝聚态物理中一个尚未解决的核心问题。该方向的研究进展一直受到缺乏单缺陷分辨的实验测量以及缺乏能够实现实验与理论真实对比的精确理论工具的限制。
研究组通过将原子分辨的扫描隧道显微镜（STM）与针对无序二维电子WS的神经量子态量子蒙特卡洛（NQS-QMC）模拟相结合，发现了由无序诱导的关联电子行为新物理区间，从而克服了上述局限。研究组利用STM成像了在具有不同长程（nLR）和短程（nSR）无序密度的栅压可调双层MoSe2（BL-MoSe2）器件中，电子WS随电子密度（ne）变化的演化过程。将这些图像与基于实验提取的真实无序图谱的NQS-QMC模拟结果进行对比，从而区分了不同无序类型的作用。
研究组识别出依赖于nSR的两种不同物理区间的无序电子WS行为。当nSR
附：英文原文
Title: Visualizing the impact of quenched disorder on 2D electron Wigner solids
Author: Ge, Zhehao, Smith, Conor, He, Zehao, Yang, Yubo, Li, Qize, Kim, Ha-Leem, Xiang, Ziyu, Xiao, Jianghan, Zhou, Wenjie, Kahn, Salman, Hu, Aining, Erdi, Melike, Banerjee, Rounak, Taniguchi, Takashi, Watanabe, Kenji, Tongay, Seth Ariel, Morales, Miguel A., Zhang, Shiwei, Wang, Feng, Crommie, Michael F.
Issue&Volume: 2026-06-17
Abstract: Electron Wigner solids (WSs)1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 provide an ideal system for understanding the competing effects of electron–electron and electron–disorder interactions, a central unsolved problem in condensed matter physics. Progress in this topic has been limited by a lack of single-defect-resolved experimental measurements as well as accurate theoretical tools to enable realistic experiment/theory comparison. Here we overcome these limitations by combining atomically resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) with neural-quantum-state quantum Monte Carlo (NQS-QMC) simulation of disordered 2D electron WSs to discover new disorder-induced physical regimes of correlated electron behaviour. STM was used to image the electron density (ne)-dependent evolution of electron WSs in gate-tunable bilayer MoSe2 (BL-MoSe2) devices with varying long-range (nLR) and short-range (nSR) disorder densities. These images were compared with NQS-QMC simulations using realistic disorder maps extracted from experiment, thus allowing the roles of different disorder types to be disentangled. We identify two distinct physical regimes for disordered electron WSs that depend on nSR. For nSRne, the WS behaviour is dominated by long-range disorder and features extensive mixed solid–liquid phases, a new type of local re-entrant melting/crystallization and prominent Friedel oscillations. By contrast, when nSRne, these features are suppressed and a more robust amorphous WS phase emerges that persists to higher ne, highlighting the importance of short-range disorder in this regime. Our work establishes a powerful framework for studying disordered quantum solids through a combined experimental–theoretical approach.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10654-w
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10654-w
期刊信息
Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
官方网址：http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html
