近日，英国剑桥大学Ignas Juodzbalis团队报道了高红移小红点中的直接黑洞质量测量。相关论文于2026年5月27日发表在《自然》杂志上。

在红移前沿发现暗弱活动星系核（AGN），这揭示了大量具有光学红连续谱的宽Hα发射源，它们被称为“小红点”（LRDs），占高红移宽线AGN群体的15-30%。因其性质特殊，用标准AGN情景对LRD进行建模已被证明颇具挑战性。特别是，单历元维里质量估算在确定LRD黑洞质量方面的有效性受到了质疑，一些模型声称质量可能被高估了多达两个数量级。

研究组报告了对一个红移7.04强透镜LRD进行的直接动力学黑洞质量测量。透镜效应与深场光谱数据的结合揭示了一条与核星团不一致的旋转曲线，但可以用绕一个5000万太阳质量点质量的开普勒旋转很好地解释，这与维里黑洞质量估算一致。开普勒旋转为主星系中的任何恒星成分留下的空间很小，研究组保守地推断MBH/M*>2（其中MBH是黑洞质量，M*是恒星质量）。这样一个“裸”黑洞，结合其近乎原始的环境，表明该LRD是一个正处于最早吸积阶段的大质量黑洞种子。

附：英文原文

Title: A direct black-hole mass measurement in a little red dot at high redshift

Author: Juodbalis, Ignas, Marconcini, Cosimo, DEugenio, Francesco, Maiolino, Roberto, Marconi, Alessandro, bler, Hannah, Scholtz, Jan, Ji, Xihan, Jones, Gareth C., Perna, Michele, Arribas, Santiago, Bennett, Jake S., Bromm, Volker, Bunker, Andrew J., Carniani, Stefano, Charlot, Stphane, Cresci, Giovanni, Dayal, Pratika, Egami, Eiichi, Fabian, Andrew, Inayoshi, Kohei, Isobe, Yuki, Ivey, Lucy R., Koudmani, Sophie, Laporte, Nicolas, Liu, Boyuan, Lyu, Jianwei, Mazzolari, Giovanni, Monty, Stephanie, Parlanti, Eleonora, Prez-Gonzlez, Pablo G., Robertson, Brant, Schneider, Raffaella, Sijacki, Debora, Tacchella, Sandro, Trinca, Alessandro, Valiante, Rosa, Volonteri, Marta, Witstok, Joris, Zhang, Saiyang

Issue&Volume: 2026-05-27

Abstract: Recent discoveries of faint active galactic nuclei (AGN) at the redshift frontier have revealed a plethora of broad Hα emitters with optically red continua, named little red dots (LRDs)1, which comprise 15–30% of the high-redshift broad-line AGN population2. Owing to their peculiar properties3,4,5,6, modelling LRDs with standard AGN scenarios has proven challenging. In particular, the validity of single-epoch virial mass estimates in determining the black-hole masses of LRDs has been called into question, with some models claiming that masses might be overestimated by up to two orders of magnitude7,8,9,10. Here we report a direct, dynamical black-hole mass measurement in a strongly lensed LRD at a redshift of 7.04. The combination of lensing with deep spectroscopic data reveals a rotation curve that is inconsistent with a nuclear star cluster, yet can be well explained by Keplerian rotation around a point mass of 50million solar masses, consistent with virial black-hole mass estimates. The Keplerian rotation leaves little room for any stellar component in a host galaxy, as we conservatively infer MBH/M > 2 (where MBH is the black-hole mass and M is the stellar mass). Such a ‘naked’ black hole, together with its near-pristine environment11, indicates that this LRD is a massive black-hole seed caught in its earliest accretion phase.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10579-4

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10579-4

期刊信息

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504

官方网址：http://www.nature.com/

投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html